GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE INTRODUCTION OF AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) IN HIGHER EDUCATION: COMPARATIVE AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59787/2413-5488-2026-54-2-%25pKeywords:
artificial intelligence, journalistic Education, Higher Education, digital transformation, ethical aspects, comparative analysisAbstract
The article presents a comparative sociological analysis of global trends in the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education programs in journalism. Political initiatives from different regions, the level of accessibility of artificial intelligence technologies and digital inequality, ethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in teaching, as well as pedagogical practices and platforms used to teach journalism through artificial intelligence are considered. The study relies on relevant scientific literature, international reports and statistics as of 2020. General trends have been identified-the desire to provide graduates with skills in working with AI and the integration of AI tools into the educational process – in the face of significant differences between regions (Kazakhstan, Europe, USA, China, Japan) in public policy, resource provision and regulatory and ethical approaches. Conclusions were drawn about how the specific conditions of each region affect the introduction of AI in the knowledge of journalists, recommendations were proposed to take into account best practices and overcome digital inequality.
References
Astana IT University. (n.d.). [Digital Journalism]. https://astanait.edu.kz/digital-journalism/
Babacan, H., Arık, E., Bilişli, Y., Akgün, H., & Özkara, Y. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Journalism Education in Higher Education: Digital Transformation in Undergraduate and Graduate Curricula in Türkiye. Journalism and Media, 6(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6020052
Bittle, K. & El-Gayar, O. (2025) Generative AI and Academic Integrity in Higher Education: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda. Information, 16, 296. https:// doi.org/10.3390/info16040296
Central China Normal University. (2024, April 24). iFLYTEK & CCNU: Advance “AI + Education”. https://english.ccnu.edu.cn/info/1002/1380.htm
Digital Rights. (2024). [Concept of AI development in Kazakhstan: legal regulation, ethics, and data use]. https://digitalrights.asia/events/concept-of-ai-development-in-kz-legal-regulation-ethics-and-use-of-data/
Enkhtur, A., & Li, M. (n.d.). Integrating generative AI into Japanese higher education: Policy responses, pedagogical practices, and future directions. Knowledge Hub: International Centre for Higher Education Innovation under the auspices of UNESCO (UNESCO-ICHEI). Retrieved February 24, 2026, from https://cn.ichei.org/en/knowledge/collection/1707.html
European Commission. (2022). Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence and data in teaching and learning for educators. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the EU. https://doi.org/10.2766/153756
European Commission. (n.d.-a). AI Act: Regulatory framework for artificial intelligence. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai
European Commission. (n.d.-b). Digital Education Action Plan 2021–2027. https://education.ec.europa.eu/focus-topics/digital-education/action-plan
European Commission. (n.d.-c). Horizon Europe – Research and Innovation. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en
European Commission. (n.d.-d) France AI Strategy Report. https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/france/france-ai-strategy-report_en
Fu, T., & Ji, Y. (2024). Government-University Relationship in China’s AI Talent Development: A Triple Helix Perspective. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241259012
Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2024, July 24). On approval of the Concept for the development of artificial intelligence for 2024–2029 (No. 592). Information and Legal System of Regulatory Legal Acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Adilet”. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2400000592
Huang, X., & Gadavanij, S. (2025). Power and marginalization in discourse on AI in education (AIEd): social actors’ representation in China Daily (2018–2023). Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, Article 412. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04621-5
International Telecommunication Union. (2023). Facts and figures 2023 – Youth internet use. ITU. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2023/10/10/ff23-youth-internet-use/
Jin, Y., Yan, L., Echeverría, V., Gašević, D., & Martínez-Maldonado, R. (2024). Generative AI in Higher Education: A Global Perspective of Institutional Adoption Policies and Guidelines. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.11800
Kaneko, K. (2023, July 4). Japan emphasizes students’ comprehension of AI in new school guidelines. The Japan Times. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/07/04/business/tech/schools-students-ai-guidelines/
Kasneci, E., et al. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, Article 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Kazakh university. (n.d.). [Kazakh University]. https://q-university.edu.kz
KI-Campus. (n.d.). The Learning Platform for Artificial Intelligence. https://ki-campus.org
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025, January 31). [Artificial intelligence in education: implementation of innovative technologies in Kazakhstani universities]. https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/sci/press/news/details/928714?lang=ru
Official website of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2025, October 21). 100% of Kazakhstan’s population to be provided with internet access by 2027. https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/100-naseleniia-kazaxstana-obespecat-dostupom-v-internet-k-2027-godu-30633
Reaktor, & University of Helsinki. (n.d.). Elements of AI. https://www.elementsofai.com
Sakenova, S. (2024, July 16). Kazakhstan Focuses on Precision AI Development with New Law and Committee. The Astana Times. https://astanatimes.com/2024/07/kazakhstan-focuses-on-precision-ai-development-with-new-law-and-committee/
Schiff, D. (2022). Education for AI, not AI for Education: The Role of Education and Ethics in National AI Policy Strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 527–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00270-2
Tejedor, S., Cervi, L., Romero-Rodríguez, L. M., & Vick, S. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Spanish Journalism Education: A Curricular Analysis. Journalism and Media, 5(4), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia5040100
Trading Economics. (n.d.). Individuals using the Internet (% of population) – Kazakhstan. https://tradingeconomics.com/kazakhstan/individuals-using-the-internet-percent-of-population-wb-data.html
United Nations University (UNU Macau). (2024, November 26). UNU Macau and Communication University of China Meet on Digital Technology and Communication Collaborations. https://unu.edu/macau/news/unu-macau-and-communication-university-china-meet-digital-technology-and-communication
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning: Insights and Recommendations. Washington, DC. https://www.ed.gov/sites/default/files/ai-report.pdf
Vincent-Lancrin, S. & R. van der Vlies (2020), “Trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) in education: Promises and challenges”, OECD Education Working Papers, No. 218, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a6c90fa9-en.
Zhejiang University. (2025, March 18). Top 5 universities in East China unite to launch revolutionary “AI+X” micro-major program. https://www.zju.edu.cn/english/2025/0318/c19573a3028038/page.htm
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Scientific and analytical journal "Higher school of Kazakhstan"
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
