IMPLEMENTATION OF APPLIED BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAMS IN KAZAKHSTAN: ANALYSIS OF STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59787/2413-5488-2024-48-4-106-125Кілт сөздер:
Applied bachelor degree, short-cycle educational programs, national qualifications system, education system, higher education, technical and vocational education, labor market, graduates, employersАңдатпа
Short-cycle educational programs in Kazakhstan are currently represented by applied bachelor degree programs. This first of its kind study was conducted to analyse the perceptions of applied bachelor programs by students, program graduates and employers in Kazakhstan. The results of the survey and interviews revealed a motivation for choosing applied bachelor programs among students of these programs and graduates, as well as the level of satisfaction with their choice. Employers' responses included an assessment of the training provided by the applied bachelor programs and whether programs graduates meet employers expectations. The authors concluded that applied bachelor programs ensure successful integration in the labor market. They provide access to training for socially vulnerable groups (e.g., part-time workers, unemployed people who do not follow traditional educational paths), increasing access to education. The practice-oriented nature of applied bachelor's degree programs allows to obtain qualified personnel in a shorter period of time compared to bachelor's degrees, which is beneficial for employers. Nevertheless, there were revealed problems related to the transition from NQF level 5 to level 6 for higher education, as well as insufficient information work of education providers to explain the advantages and features of applied bachelor degree programs. This suggests a need to take measures to further develop and strengthen the applied bachelor's degree in Kazakhstan. In general, it can be said that development prospects of applied bachelor's degree will contribute to the training of qualified personnel for the labor market.
Әдебиеттер тізімі
Atameken. (2016, March 16). National chamber of entrepreneurs. Nacional'naya ramka kvalifikacij Respubliki Kazahstan [National Qualifications Framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Atameken.kz. Retrieved June 20, 2023. https://atameken.kz/.
Bassi, M., Dinarte, L., Ferreyra, M. M., & Urzúa, S. (2023). What makes a program good? Evidence from short-cycle higher education programs in five developing countries. CESifo Working Paper no. 10255. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4352366
Baur N., Blasius J. Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung. 2019 // Springer VS Wiesbaden / https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21308-4
Bloomberg, L. D., & Volpe, M. (2016). Completing your (third edn.) [Qualitative Dissertation]: A road map from beginning to end. SAGE.
Bologna Process. Bergen Ministerial Conference, 2005 https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/api/files/SEC(2005)749_0/de00000000825909?rendition=false
Chugunov, D. Y., Vasiliev, K. B., & Frumin, I. D. (2010). Introduction of applied bachelor's degree programs in the Russian education system: why and how? Education Issues, (4), pp. 247-268.
Cremonini, L. (2010). Short cycle. Higher Education Press [An international review]. Background Reports Veerman Committee. Center for Higher Education Policy Studies.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Domnin, S. (2022, December 22). Prirost rabochej sily v Kazahstane zamedlilsya, no eto ne samaya bol'shaya problema [Labor force growth in Kazakhstan has slowed down, but this is not the biggest problem]. Rus. Retrieved June 19, 2023. https://kz.kursiv.media/2022-12-22/prirost-rabochej-sily-v-kazahstane-zamedlilsya-no-eto-ne-samaya-bolshaya-problema/. In.
Finley, A. (2021). How college contributes to workforce success. Association of American Colleges and Universities.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction. Pearson, GA: Allyn & Bacon.
Galushko, M. (2023, January 24). Ekspert: Osnovnaya problema kazahstanskogo rynka truda – Nekhvatka specialistov [Expert: the main problem of the Kazakhstan labor market is the shortage of specialists]. https://inbusiness.kz/. Retrieved June 2192. https://inbusiness.kz/ru/news/ekspert-problema-nashego-rynka-truda-nehvatka-specialistov-vysokoj-kvalifikacii (in Rus.)
Gläser-Zikuda, M. (2019). Forschungsdesigns und Mixed-Methods. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Schulpädagogik mit dem Schwerpunkt empirische Unterrichtsforschung, Nürnberg.Kuckartz, U. (2014). Designs für die Mixed-Methods-Forschung. In: Mixed Methods. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93267-5_3
Ibadildin Н., Artykbaeva A. "Development of educational programs of applied bachelor's degree as an approach to solving the issue of youth employment (NEET)" https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2022-1-1-322-330
Johnson, R.B., & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. (2007). Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 112-133 DOI: 10.1177/1558689806298224
Kennedy, S. (1996), "Engineering education in Germany", Industrial Robot, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/01439919610110825
Khalid, K., Abdullah, H. H., Kumar, M., & D. (2012). Get along with quantitative research process. International Journal of Research in Management, 2(2), article 2.
Kirsch M., Beernaert Y., 2011. Short Cycle Higher Education in Europe Level 5: the Missing Link. EURASHE, 258 p
Kisker, C. B., Cohen, A. M., & Brawer, F. B. (2013). The American community college (sixth edn.). Jossey-Bass.
Kulumzhanova A., Artykbai A., Alshurina A., Islam A.. Applied Baccalaureate: International Experience and Kazakhstan. Regional aspects of sustainable development of professional education: challenges and prospects. Proceedings of the 2nd regional scientific-practical conference, 2023 Tashkent: Baktria press, 2023. p. 26
Kuzekbay, A. (2022, August 24). Chislo studentov v Kazahstane dostignet 1 mln – Glava Minnauki [The number of students in Kazakhstan will reach 1 million – the head of the Ministry of Science]. Inform.kz. Retrieved June 19, 2023. https://www.inform.kz/ (in Rus.)
Matveeva L.I., Vidergold R.I. "Applied Bachelor's Degree - a new form of training qualified personnel for the economy of Kazakhstan". https://emc21.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Matveeva-L.I.-Vidergold-R.I.-Prikladnoj-bakalavriat.pdf
Mertens, D. (2004). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods.
Ministerial Conference in Paris, 24-25 May, 2018. https://www.ehea.info/Upload/document/ministerial_declarations/EHEAParis2018_Communique_AppendixIII_952778.pdf
Morrison, L. C., & Lawrence Manion, K. (2011). Research methods in education (seventh edn.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203720967
Omirbayev, S., Akhmed-Zaki, D., Mukhatayev, A., Biloshchytskyi, A., Kassenov, K., & Faizullin, A. (2021). The conceptual foundations of lifelong learning in Kazakhstan: Process modeling. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(17), 60. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i17.23685
Order of the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2018, June 26). Paragraph information system. Prikaz Ministra Obrazovaniya i Nauki Respubliki Kazahstan OT 28 avgusta. Zakon.kz. Retrieved June 19, 2023, 432 «O vnesenii izmenenij v prikaz Ministra obrazovaniya i nauki Respubliki Kazahstan ot 26 iyunya, 305 «O vnedrenii prikladnogo bakalavriata v organizaciyah tekhnicheskogo i professional'nogo, poslesrednego, vysshego obrazovaniya v rezhime eksperimenta» [Order of the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated August 28, 2018 No. 432 "On amendments to the Order of the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 26, 2018 No. 305 "On the introduction of applied Bachelor's degree in organizations of technical and vocational, post-secondary, higher education in the experimental mode"] p. 2018 goda (in Rus.).
Order of the Minister of Labor and Social Protection of Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 30, 2020 № 553 "On Approval of the Qualification Directory of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Other Employees".
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD indicators. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en
Seilkhanov, A. (2022, November 30). Kazakhstan faces rising shortage of mid-level skilled workers. Retrieved July 1, 2023. https://www.inform.kz/en/kazakhstan-faces-rising-shortage-of-mid-level-skilled-workers_a4008075
Siripipatthanakul, S., Muthmainnah, M., Asrifan, A., Siripipattanakul, S., Kaewpuang, P., Sriboonruang, P., . . . Sitthipon, T. (2023). Quantitative research in education (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4378512).
Slantcheva-Durst, S. (2014). Mechanisms of lifelong learning: The spread of innovative short-cycle higher education qualifications within national systems. Higher Education, 68(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9688-7
Tight, M. (2003). Researching higher education (first edn.). Open University Press.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2011). International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research design and methods (5th ed., p. 282). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (2015, November 13). On amendments and additions to some legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on education [O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Respubliki Kazahstan po voprosam obrazovaniya]. Adilet.zan.kz. Retrieved June 19, 2023. https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z1500000398#z6 (in Rus.)
Zhumasheva A., Zhetpisbai A. "On the creation of educational programs of applied bachelor's degree in the Republic of Kazakhstan" https://bulletin-philology.kaznpu.kz/index.php/ped/article/view/886/855
Zhussupova, A. (2019, December 24). Besplatnoe TiPO: Lish by vypustit'?[Free TVET: just for graduation]. Rus Retrieved June 19, 2023. https://ekonomist.kz/zhussupova/besplatnoye-tipo-molodezh-bezrabotica/. In.
Zohrabi, M. (2013). Mixed method research: Instruments, validity, reliability and reporting findings. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(2), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.2.254-262
WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140101202246/http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/
